Abstract
We propose E-C2ST, a deep classifier two-sample test for high-dimensional data based on E-values. Unlike the more standard p-value based tests, E-value based tests have finite sample type I error guarantees, making them appropriate tools for statistical testing in practice. Our proposed E-C2ST combines ideas from existing work on split likelihood ratio tests and predictive independence testing. The resulting E-values can be used for both standard statistical testing on a fixed data set as well as anytime testing in streaming data settings. We demonstrate the utility of E-C2ST on simulated and real data. In all experiments, we observe that – as expected – E-C2ST’s type I error stays substantially below the chosen significance level, while the p-value based baseline methods regularly fail to control for type I error appropriately. While E-C2ST has reduced power compared to the baseline methods, power empirically converges to one as dataset size increases in most settings. We further propose an adjusted E-value based test in the anytime testing framework that has increased power, while still retaining the finite sample type I error guarantees.
Tim Bakker
PhD researcher in Machine Learning
My current research interests include AI safety, LLM reasoning, reinforcement learning, singular learning theory and everything Bayesian.